Subsurface characterization for foundation valuation of existing engineering structures in basement complex of southwestern Nigeria
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Resumen
La caracterización del subsuelo para evaluar los cimientos de estructuras de ingeniería existentes tiene como objetivo investigar la competencia estructural de varias torres de gran altura seleccionadas en el campus de la Universidad de Ilorin, ubicada en el Complejo Subterráneo del centro-norte de Nigeria. Para este estudio, se emplearon técnicas de electromagnetismo de muy baja frecuencia (VLF-EM) y sondeos eléctricos verticales (SEV) para analizar la secuencia geológica del subsuelo. Se realizaron veintiún perfiles VLF-EM en dirección este-oeste, alineados con la tendencia geológica predominante NESW. Las 32 zonas anómalas identificadas en los datos EM filtrados fueron investigadas a fondo utilizando la técnica SEV de Schlumberger. Los resultados EM muestran respuestas que varían entre -40 % y 45 %, con una serie de picos positivos y negativos alternados. Esto sugiere la presencia de formaciones contrastantes cerca de la superficie, identificadas como zonas vadosas, compuestas por arcilla laterítica y/o arena arcillosa, y capas meteorizadas portadoras de agua que se extienden hasta una profundidad estimada de 8 metros. La secuencia geoeléctrica vertical reveló la existencia de entre 3 y 5 horizontes eléctricos, destacando una capa superior formada por lentes de arcilla, arcilla arenosa, suelo laterítico compacto o arena arcillosa, sobre un basamento altamente meteorizado y roca madre fracturada hasta fresca. El basamento, en su mayoría meteorizado, se encuentra a poca profundidad, variando entre 1.0 y 10.6 metros. La sobrecarga es delgada y está compuesta principalmente por lentes de arcilla y suelo laterítico compacto, considerados como un subsuelo competente para estructuras de gran altura. Sin embargo, las gruesas capas de arcilla en las zonas sur y norte podrían ser problemáticas para estas estructuras si se extienden en otros perfiles. La presencia de roca madre fracturad a es también relevante para el desarrollo de aguas subterráneas y, si es sísmicamente activa, podría representar un riesgo para los edificios. En general, el área de estudio presenta una secuencia subsuperficial y una roca madre estructuralmente competente, capaz de soportar las estructuras de gran altura seleccionadas. Esto se corrobora en algunos de los perfiles y puntos VES, incluyendo los recorridos 1 (VES1, VES2 y VES3), 2, 5 (VES7, VES8 y VES9), y 20 (VES30, VES31 y VES32).
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