Application of Electrical Resistivity Tomography for Cost-Effective Planning in Diabase Gravel Mining Operations in Southeastern Brazil
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La planificación en la extracción de minerales es fundamental para el éxito operativo y económico de una mina, con énfasis en la reducción de costes durante la explotación y la seguridad de las operaciones. Este estudio se centró en la minería a pequeña escala para la producción de grava de diabasa, un importante insumo en la construcción civil. El perfil de la construcción residencial en Brasil y otros países sudamericanos ha dependido históricamente de materiales locales como arena, arcilla y piedra. Sin embargo, la viabilidad operativa de las minas de pequeña escala está estrechamente vinculada a condiciones de bajo costo, incluyendo el espesor del suelo, la homogeneidad de la roca y los costos de bombeo de agua. Este estudio presenta un caso de utilización del método geofísico de la electrorresistividad, concretamente la tomografía de resistividad eléctrica, en una explotación minera de grava diabásica. Cuando la mina se exploró más profundamente, se descubrió granito a diferentes profundidades, lo que conlleva diversos costes de perforación, voladura y trituración. Distinguir entre diabasa y granito, a pesar de sus similitudes en cuanto a resistividad eléctrica, es crucial para la planificación de la mina y la viabilidad del proyecto. El estudio superó retos científicos y tecnológicos, basados en las características geológicas/estructurales de cada roca y en variables climáticas y estacionales. El uso de tomografía de resistividad eléctrica demostró ser una solución eficaz, mostrando resultados satisfactorios en la cartografía y discriminación entre diabasa y granito, proporcionando información crucial para la planificación de la mina y reduciendo potencialmente los costes de explotación. Este trabajo pone de relieve la creciente importancia de aplicar métodos geofísicos a las operaciones mineras a pequeña escala, ya que pueden ser una técnica de investigación que ayude a resolver los retos específicos a los que se enfrentan estas operaciones.
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