Petrophysical evaluation of clastic formations in boreholes with incomplete well log dataset by using joint inversion technique and machine learning algorithms

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Felipe Santana-Román
Ambrosio Aquino López
Manuel Romero Salcedo (+)
Raúl del Valle García
Oscar Campos Enriquez

Resumen

La incertidumbre en la evaluación petrofísica de las formaciones areno-arcillosas depende de la calidad de los datos de registros geofísicos de pozo disponibles y del modelo petrofísico que represente adecuadamente las condiciones geológicas de la roca, pero desafortunadamente, no siempre se cumplen con estas condiciones. Para determinar los parámetros petrofísicos (volumenes de arcilla laminar, estructural y dispersa) en rocas clásticas en casos de falta de información de registros de pozo, hemos desarrollado tres enfoques basados en un modelo jerárquico de la roca y en la técnica de inversión conjunta: 1) Registros geofísicos de pozo disponibles (excluyendo los registros de pozo incompletos) son usados para entrenar los algoritmos de aprendizaje automático para generar un modelo predicitivo; 2) un segundo enfoque comprende un primer paso en el que se utilizan algoritmos de aprendizaje automático para generar datos de registros geofísicos faltantes y posteriormente, la técnica de inversión conjunta es aplicada; 3) en el tercer enfoque, el proceso de aprendizaje automático se usa para estimar los datos faltantes, los cuales son posteriormente usados para predecir las propiedades petrofísicas. En este trabajo usamos el paradigma de aprendizaje supervisado en diferentes modelos de regresión: lineal, árboles de decisión y kernel. Se presenta un caso de estudio con datos sintéticos (que representa condiciones reales en formaciones clásticas en un campo petrolero en el sur de México) para comparar los tres enfoques descritos. Modelamos los registros de rayos gamma, resistividad profunda, tiempo de tránsito de la onda P, densidad y porosidad de neutrones usando un modelo petrofísico jerárquico para rocas clásticas para realizar un análisis controlado. Los tres diferentes enfoques fueron aplicados sin los datos de tiempo de tránsito de onda P para analizar el impacto de la falta de esta información. En general, los resultados indican una determinación adecuada de los parámetros petrofísicos en cada uno de los enfoques analizados. Las métricas de evaluación indican que el mejor desempeño se obtuvo con el enfoque dos, seguido del uno y el tres. La correcta estimación de los volúmenes de las distribuciones de arcilla no pudo ser determinada por ninguno de los tres métodos aplicados, pero el contenido total de arcilla se pudo predecir con precisión, lo que sugiere que existe el problema de no unicidad. 

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Santana-Román, F., Aquino López, A., Romero Salcedo (+), M., del Valle García, R., & Campos Enriquez, O. (2025). Petrophysical evaluation of clastic formations in boreholes with incomplete well log dataset by using joint inversion technique and machine learning algorithms. Geofísica Internacional, 64(3), 1657–1675. https://doi.org/10.22201/igeof.2954436xe.2025.64.3.1803
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