Ground Subsidence and Earthquake Induced Settlements in Mexico City, Using Satellite Imagery

Contenido principal del artículo

Alberto Jaime-Paredes
Gaspar Alcocer-Gómez
Juan Sandino Sanabria Pérez

Resumen

Este estudio presenta un análisis integrado del hundimiento del terreno y los asentamientos provocados por sismos en la Ciudad de México utilizando técnicas de radar interferométrico sintético diferencial (DInSAR) aplicadas a imágenes satelitales del Sentinel-1. La subsidencia en el valle de México, causada principalmente por la sobreexplotación de las aguas subterráneas, ha provocado históricamente importantes daños estructurales en todo el paisaje urbano. Si bien los métodos de monitoreo convencionales, como la nivelación de puntos de referencia, son eficaces, requieren mucho tiempo y recursos. En este trabajo, se utilizaron datos de acceso abierto de Sentinel-1 y el programa SNAP desarrollado por la Agencia Espacial Europea (ESA) para evaluar la subsidencia regional a lo largo de 2016 e identificar desplazamientos repentinos relacionados con los eventos sísmicos de septiembre de 2017. Las mediciones obtenidas por satélite se validaron con datos históricos de referencia. Los resultados demuestran que DInSAR captura de forma confiable tanto los patrones de subsidencia gradual como los súbitos relacionados con los sismos, especialmente en el centro histórico y en las proximidades del volcán Xico. Las tasas de subsidencia anuales alcanzaron hasta 0.45 m en algunas zonas, mientras que las deformaciones inducidas por los sismos oscilaron entre 0.01 y 0.05 m. Estos hallazgos resaltan la eficacia del monitoreo remoto por satélite como herramienta rentable y sólida para la vigilancia de la subsidencia en entornos urbanos.

Detalles del artículo

Cómo citar
Jaime-Paredes, A., Alcocer-Gómez, G., & Sanabria Pérez, J. S. (2026). Ground Subsidence and Earthquake Induced Settlements in Mexico City, Using Satellite Imagery. Geofísica Internacional, 65(2), 2113–2129. https://doi.org/10.22201/igeof.2954436xe.2026.65.2.1819
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