Pre-eruptive conditions of a magma mixing-assimilation systems at La Malinche volcano, Mexico
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Las condiciones pre-eruptivas del reservorio magmático del Holoceno-Pleistoceno del volcán La Malinche, México, siguen siendo poco comprendidas. Las erupciones de La Malinche, incluyendo Huamantla (>45,000 años), Malinche I (21,500 años) y Malinche II (12,000-9,000 años), son relevantes para evaluar el riesgo debido a su comportamiento explosivo y su proximidad a las ciudades de Puebla, Huamantla y Tlaxcala (2 millones de personas en un radio de 30 kilómetros). Los depósitos de Huamantla, Malinche I y Malinche II consisten en caídas de pómez que registran erupciones plinianas. En este trabajo presentamos los resultados de un estudio sobre las condiciones pre-eruptivas (presión, temperatura) de los reservorios del Pleistoceno Tardío-Holoceno de La Malinche mediante geotermobarómetros (anfíbol, óxidos de Fe-Ti) e inclusiones de fundido atrapadas en fenocristales de plagioclasa. Comparamos diagramas de fase, datos geotermométricos y de química mineral con casos reportados en la literatura. Los fragmentos de pómez en todos los depósitos presentan una asociación mineral de plagioclasa, biotita, anfíbol y óxidos de Fe-Ti, con megacristales (>1 cm), fenocristales (1000-300 µm) y microcristales (<300 µm). Al menos una población muestra características de desequilibrio, como texturas tamiz, zonación y bordes de resorción. Proponemos que los magmas de La Malinche evolucionaron mediante procesos de mezcla de magmas y asimilación. Aquí presentamos un análisis exhaustivo dirigido a identificar las fases más probables en equilibrio y obtener información sobre las condiciones de presión y temperatura a través de geotermobarometría. Realizamos un análisis bibliográfico de diagramas de estabilidad mineral que coinciden con la composición de los magmas de La Malinche antes de que ocurriera la mezcla-asimilación. Concluimos que los fundidos del Pleistoceno Tardío-Holoceno de La Malinche estuvieron almacenados a una profundidad de ~7.7-10.3 km (2~00±70 MPa) y a una temperatura de ~820±10 °C. Profundidades similares de reservorios han sido propuestas previamente para la Sierra Nevada, un complejo volcánico cercano al volcán La Malinche en el centro de México.
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