Metodología para una evaluación cuantitativa de la geodiversidad volcánica en la Meseta Purépecha: una herramienta para futuros planes de geoturismo y geoconservación
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Resumen
Las evaluaciones cuantitativas de la geodiversidad permiten una valoración objetiva de los elementos abióticos del paisaje y representan una herramienta fundamental para el desarrollo de programas de geoconservación. Actualmente, se han publicado evaluaciones cuantitativas de geodiversidad con enfoques selectivos, caracterizadas por el uso de geoelementos (parámetros) específicos dependiendo de los objetivos de cada estudio. Bajo esta premisa, en el presente trabajo se propone la aplicación de una metodología adaptada para calcular el “índice de geodiversidad volcánica” de la Meseta Purépecha (3,835 km2), región situada en el sector oeste del Campo Volcánico Michoacán-Guanajuato. La presente evaluación considera únicamente dos parámetros (subíndices de geodiversidad): la geometría general del terreno (10 tipos de formas del relieve) y las geoformas volcánicas (7 tipos de estructuras volcánicas). La metodología consistió en cuatro etapas principales: (1) recopilación y preparación de datos geoespaciales, (2) procesamiento de datos y trabajo de campo, donde para los fines prácticos de este estudio se realizó una delimitación fisiográfica de la Meseta Purépecha, así como un análisis automatizado del relieve mediante el código r.geomorphons y una clasificación de estructuras volcánicas, identificadas en campo y con el uso de un MDE (12.5 m), imágenes SPOT (10 m) y ortofotos aéreas (1 m), (3) cuantificación de la geodiversidad empleando una malla de 201 celdas de 5 × 5 km para contabilizar los elementos vectoriales empleando la técnica de Partes Únicas y la posterior normalización de valores con la técnica de Valor Máximo Obtenido, donde la suma de los subíndices resultó en la “geodiversidad volcánica total”, (4) finalmente, se trazó una georuta con base en los resultados de los índices de geodiversidad volcánica, la cual, incluye seis miradores volcánicos. El índice de geodiversidad volcánica de la Meseta Purépecha se divide en cinco categorías: muy alta (16% del área analizada), alta (28%), media (24%), baja (18%) y muy baja (14%). La presente evaluación permitió reconocer tres zonas (polígonos) consideradas como prioritarias para futuros planes de geoturismo y geoconservación, lo que podría favorecer al desarrollo integral de las comunidades locales.
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