Impact Assessment of Flood Extent on Agricultural Land and Communities Using Google Earth Engine and SAR Data: A Case Study of Indus River Basin
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Resumen
La Cuenca del Río Indo ha experimentado cambios hidrológicos significativos debido al cambio climático, lo que ha llevado a un aumento en la frecuencia de inundaciones, representando un riesgo para la seguridad alimentaria basada en la agricultura. Este estudio se centró en eventos de inundación inducidos por la lluvia desde agosto hasta septiembre de 2022 a través de las provincias de Punjab, Sindh y Baluchistan utilizando Google Earth Engine, datos de Radar de Apertura Sintética (SAR) Sentinel-1A y conjuntos de datos de Cobertura del Suelo. Las inundaciones causaron daños considerables a las tierras agrícolas y a las comunidades, afectando 49,602.92 km2 de tierra. En Sindh, el total de tierra inundada es 2,042.1 km2 con 915.9 km2 de tierra agrícola y 609.8 km2 de áreas construidas afectadas. Por lo tanto, la evaluación de daños a nivel distrital incluye Sukkur (497.1 km2), Sanghar (565.2 km2) y Khairpur (979.9 km2). En la provincia de Baluchistan, el área inundada fue 10,733.4 km2. La tierra agrícola afectada fue 674.8 km2, y 47.8 km2 de terrenos construidos. La lluvia intensa extendió aún más las inundaciones afectando 1002.2 km2 en Jhal Magsi, 7,266.5 km2 en Khuzdar y 2,464.7 km2 en Lasbella. En Punjab, 4001.3 km2 de tierra se inundaron incluyendo 297.6 km2 de áreas construidas, y 776.9 km2 afectaron tierra agrícola. A nivel distrital las áreas afectadas fueron D.G. Khan (1,871.3 km2), Muzaffargarh (620 km2) y Rajanpur (1,509.7 km2). La integración de la teledetección y GEE proporcionó información crucial sobre inundaciones y estrategias de reducción del riesgo climático, especialmente en regiones con escasez de datos.
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