Subsurface flow generation in an experimental plot during applied rainfalls in the Ouachita mountains of Arkansas
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Este reporte enfatiza la importancia relativa de la intensidad de la lluvia y de los potenciales del agua del suelo previos a la aplicación de la lluvia en procesos del flujo de agua a través de los macroporos del suelo a escalas espaciales relativamente cortas en cuencas forestales de las Montañas Ouachita de Arkansas. Los potenciales del agua, los contenidos del agua del suelo, el flujo subsuperficial y las concentraciones de bromo fueron medidas en un sitio forestal experimental en las Montañas Ouachita de Arkansas durante la aplicación de 17 tormentas. Las tormentas tuvieron duraciones desde 0.8 hasta 4.25h e intensidades desde 10 hasta 75 mm h-1 y fueron aplicadas con bromo durante el período de julio 17 a octubre 10 de 1991. Los potenciales del agua previos a la aplicación de la lluvia tuvieron un rango desde -90 hasta -10 cm de agua y desde -29 hasta +19 cm de agua arriba de los 50 y 80 cm de profundidad del suelo, respectivamente. Los contenidos del agua del suelo variaron desde 0.23 hasta 0.36 cm cm-3 arriba de los 50 y 80 cm de profundidad del suelo, respectivamente. Los resultados mostraron que el flujo subsuperficial total varió desde 82 hasta 24% del total de la lluvia aplicada. Aunque el suelo a 80 cm estuvo saturado para 11 tormentas, la mayoría del flujo subsuperficial se presentó en el horizonte superior del suelo para la mayoría de las lluvias. Los parámetros de los hidrogramas de corrientes obtenidos se relacionaron estadísticamente con la tasa de aplicación de la lluvia y con el potencial del agua del suelo. Las concentraciones de bromo indicaron que el escurrimiento subsuperficial estuvo compuesto principalmente por el agua aplicada o agua nueva, indicando que esto ocurre preferencialmente y que es un proceso común en el sitio experimental.
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