Preliminary estimate of the radiative and climatic effects of the El Chichon eruption
Contenido principal del artículo
Resumen
Se hizo una estimación preliminar del efecto climático de la mayor erupción volcánica de El Chichón en abril de 1982, utilizando una versión estacional de un modelo zonal de clima, considerando una capa oceánica de 70 m . El aerosol volcánico se introdujo en el modelo de estratosfera a una altitud de 23 - 29 km, donde el aerosol perturba ambos flujos, el solar y el infrarrojo. Se consideró una composición de aerosol de 75°k, de H2SO4 con una distribución logarítmica de tamaños de orden cero. Se utilizó el patrón de opacidad latitudinal y variación temporal desarrollado por Robock (1983), con el pico de opacidad alcanzando 0.3 en junio de 1982. En este cálculo, el caso de perturbación volcánica se corrió desde el lo. de abril de 1982 hasta el lo. de enero de 1983. La temperatura del hemisferio norte se proyectó a decrecimiento gradual durante este período, siendo alrededor de 0.2 K más fresca que lo normal a fines de 1982. El modelo predice también anomalías en la precipitación, incluyendo una reducción de cinco a más de diez por ciento en la tasa de precipitación exactamente al norte del ITCZ.
Publication Facts
Reviewer profiles N/D
Author statements
- Editor & editorial board
- profiles
- Academic society
- Geofísica Internacional
Para obtener más información sobre un dato, haga clic
PF is maintained by the Public Knowledge Project
Detalles del artículo
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Citas
BERLYAND, T. G., L. A. STROKINA, and L. E. GRESHNIKOV A, 1980. Zonal cloud distribution on the Earth, Meteorologiya, i Gidrologiya, 3, 15-23.
BRASLAU, N. and J. V. DA VE, 1973. Effects of aerosols on the transfer of solar energy through realistic model atmosphere, J. Appl. Meteoro., 12, 601-619. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1973)012<0616:EOAOTT>2.0.CO;2
CADLE, R. D., C. S. KIANG and J. F. LOUIS, 1976. The global scale dispersion of the eruption clouds from major volcanic eruptions, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 3125-3132. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/JC081i018p03125
CHARNEY, J., 1975. Dynamics of deserts and droughts in the Sahel, Q. J. Royal Meteoro. Soc., 101, 193-202. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49710142802
COULSON, K. L., T. E. DEFOOR and J. DeLUISI, 1982. Lidar and optical polarization measurements of stratospheric cloud in Hawaii, presented at the Fall AGU Meeting, San Francisco, December 7 - 15, 1982, EOS, 63, 897.
CRUTCHER, H. L. and J. M. MESERVE, 1970. Selected level heights, temperature, and dew points for the Northem Hemisphere, NAV AIR 50-IC-52, Commander, Naval Weather Service Command, Washington Navy Yard, Building 200, Washington, DC 20390.
DeLUISI, J., E. DUTTON, B. MENDONCA, and M. KING, 1982. Some radiative characteristics of the El Chichón dust cloud deduced from solar radiation measurements at Mauna Loa, Hawaii, presented at the Fall AGU Meeting, San Francisco, December 7 - 15, 1982, EOS, 63, 897.
ELLSAESSER, H. W., M.C. MacCRACKEN, G. L. POTTER, and F. M. LUTHER, 1976. An additional model test of positive feedback from high desert albedo, Q. J. Royal Meteoro. Soc., 102, 655-666. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49710243311
HARDER, J. W., J. M. ROSEN and D. J. HOFFMAN, 1983. Measurement of the sulfuric acid weight percent in the stratospheric aerosol from the El Chichón eruption, presented at the Spring AGU Meeting, Baltimore, MD, May 30-June 3, 1983, EOS, 64, 197.
HARSHVARDHAN and R. D. CESS, 1976. Stratospheric aerosols: effect upon atmospheric temperature and global climate, Tellus, XXVIII, 1-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusa.v28i1.10188
JAEGER, L., 1976. Monatskarten des Niederschlags für die ganze Erde, Berichte des Deutschen Wetterdienstes, Nr. 139, Offenbach, Germany, 33 pp.
KUTZBACH, J. E. and B. L. OTTO-BLIESNER, 1982. The sensitivity of the African-Asian monsoonal climate to orbital parameter changes for 9000 years B. P. in a low-resolution general circulation model, J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 1177-1188. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1982)039<1177:TSOTAA>2.0.CO;2
LONDON, J., 1957. A study of the atmospheric heat balance, final report, AFCRL Contract AF19 (122)-165, Research Division, College of Engineering, New York University.
MacCRACKEN, M.C., J. S. ELLIS, H. W. ELLSAESSER, F. M. LUTHER and G.L. POTTER, 1981. The Livermore statistical-dynamical climate model, Lawrence Livermore Laboratory Report UCID-19060.
McCORMICK, M. P., 1982. Ground-based and aircraft Lidar measurements and initial results from the SAM II Satellite, presented at the Fall AGU Meeting, San Francisco, December 7-15, 1982, EOS, 63, 900.
McPETERS, R. D., D. F. HEATH and P. K. BHARTIA, 1983. Average ozone profiles for 1979 from the Nimbus 7 SBUV Instrument, accepted for publication in J. Geophys. Res. (Green). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/JD089iD04p05199
MROZ, E. J. and W. A. SEDLACEK, 1982. Stratospheric aerosols from El Chichón, EOS, 63, 900.
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, 1975. Understanding climatic change: A program for action, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D. C.
NEWELL, R. E. and A. DEEPAK (eds.), 1982. Mount St. Helens eruptions of 1980: Atmospheric effects and potential climatic impact, NASA Publication SP-458, Washington, D. C. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477-64.2.154
OORT, A. H., 1983. Global Atmospheric Circulation Statistics, 1958-1973, NOAA Professional Paper 14, U. S. Department of Commerce, Rockville, MD, 180 pp.
PHILANDER, S. G. H., 1983. El Niño - Southern oscillation phenomena, Nature, 302, 295-301. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/302295a0
POTTER, G. L., H. W. ELLSAESSER, M.C. MacCRACKEN and F. M. LUTHER, 1979a. Performance of the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory zonal atmospheric model, in Report of the JOC Study Conference on Climate Models: Performance, Intercomparison and Sensitivity Studies, GARP Publication No. 22, WMO, Geneva.
POTTER, G. L., H. W. ELLSAESSER, M. C. MacCRACKEN and F. M. LUTHER, 1979b. Climate experiments: Albedo experiments with a zonal atmospheric model, in Report of the JOC Study Conference on Climate Models: Performance, intercomparison and sensitivity studies, GARP Publication No. 22, WMO, Geneva.
ROBOCK, A., 1983. Energy balance climate model calculations of the effects of the El Chichón eruption, in Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Climate Diagnostics Workshop, October 18-22, 1982, Boulder, CO, 415-422, NOAA, Washington, D. C.
ROBOCK, A. and M. MATSON, 1983. Circumglobal transport of the El Chichón volcanic dust cloud, Science, 221, 195-197. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.221.4606.195
RODGERS, C. D., 1967. The radiative heat budget of the troposphere and lower stratosphere, Report No. 2, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, p. 99.
SALTZMAN, B., 1978. A survey of statistical-dynamical models of the terrestrial climate, in Advances in Geophys., 20, 183-304, Academic Press, New York. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2687(08)60324-6
SASAMORI, T., J. LONDON and D. V. HOYT, 1972. Radiation budget of the Southern hemisphere, in Meteorology of the Southern Hemisphere, by H. van Loon et al., American Meteorological Society, Boston. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-935704-33-1_2
SELF, S., 1982. A comparison of the 1982 El Chichón eruption with the historic record of explosive volcanic activity, presented at the Fall AGU Meeting, San Francisco, December 7-15, 1982, EOS, 63, 1127.
SELLERS, W., 1965. Physical Climatology, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
SPINHIRNE, J. D., 1983. Latitudinal variation for spectral optical thickness of the El Chichón eruption cloud, presented at the Spring AGU Meeting, Baltimore, MD, May 30-June 3, 1983, EOS, 64, 196.
STEPHENS, G. L., G. G. CAMPBELL and T. H. VONDER HAAR, 1981. Earth radiation budgets, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 9739-9760. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/JC086iC10p09739
STONE, P. H., 1972. A simplified radiative-dynamical model for the static stability of rotating atmospheres, J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 405-418. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1972)029<0405:ASRDMF>2.0.CO;2
STONE, P. H., 1973. The effect of large-scale eddies on climatic change, J. Atmos. Sci., 30, 521-529. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1973)030<0521:TEOLSE>2.0.CO;2
STONE, P. H., 1978. Baroclinic adjustment, J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 561-571. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1978)035<0561:BA>2.0.CO;2
TALJAARD, J. J., H. VAN LOON, H. L. CRUTCHER and R. L. JENNE, 1969. Climate of the upper air, Part 1, Southern hemisphere, NAVAIR 50-IC-55, Commander, Naval Weather Service Command, Washington Navy Yard, Building 200, Washington, DC 20390, 6 pp., 134 figures.
WOODS, D. C. and R. L. CHUAN, 1982. Characterization of aerosols in the El Chichón eruption cloud by QCM/U-2 measurements, EOS, 63, 901.