Late mesozoic-cenozoic evolution of the Northwestern Mexico magmatic arc zone
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Los datos radiométricos de rocas ígneas del Mesozoico tardío - Cenozoico de la provincia magmática del noroeste de México se emplean para estudiar la evolución tectónica del margen continental. Los resultados indican que la actividad magmática ha cambiado su posición con el tiempo, desde ~140 ma al presente. Entre los 140 y 60 ma, la distancia arco magrnático - trinchera se incrementó desde 100 a 400 km, con una velocidad entre 1 y 12 cm/año. El área cubierta por el material ígneo se incrementó hasta ~540 km, lo que combinado con los cambios en la distancia arco - trinchera, resultó en un arco magmático espacial de ~1 200 km. Los magmas fueron predominantemente calco-alcalinos y la tectónica fue compresiona. Entre ~60 y ~JO ma, la actividad magmática se desarrolló en localidades alejadas de la trinchera, con rocas calco-alcalinas de alto potasio y alcalinas. La tectónica cambió de compresiva (orogenia Laramide, ~so a 45 ma) a extensiva (orogenia del Terciario medio, ~35 – 15 ma). Finalmente, entre 35 - 30 y 10 -O ma, la actividad magmática se desplazó rápidamente hacia la trinchera y la tectónica fue extensiva. El volcanismo fue bimodal e incluyó el emplazamiento de secuencias ignimbríticas. En este intervalo ocurrió una reorganización en las relaciones de placas litosféricas que incluyó el encuentro de segmentos de la dorsal con la trinchera y la generación de fallas transformadas. El Golfo de California comenzó a desarrollarse y se incrementaron fases activas de esparcimiento del fondo oceánico en los últimos 4.5 m.a. Los cambios observados en la distancia arco-trinchera y en el ancho de la zona de manifestaciones magmáticas se interpretan con un modelo de ángulo de subducción variable y de profundidad y rango de generación de magma variable. Los factores principales involucrados fueron el cambio de edad de la placa oceánica (paulatinamente más joven), cocientes de convergencia de placa, abducción de corteza oceánica, subducción de altos batimétricos y extensión tectónica.
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