The petrology of the lower crust and upper mantle beneath southeastern Chihuahua, Mexico: a progress report
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En el basalto alcalino de la mina de peridotita La Olivina (localizada ~ISO km al SE de Chihuahua, Chih.), se encuentran granulitas y nódulos ultramáficos del manto superior o la corteza inferior bajo la forma de xenolitos. Estos xenolitos ultramáficos pertenecen a tres grupos que se diferencian por su composición de clinopiroxenos: grupo 1, alto magnesio (Mg/Mg + Fe• 0.90) y alto Cr2O3; grupo 11, moderado magnesio (Mg/Mg+ Fe• O. 76), alto AJ2O3 y alto TiO 2; y grupo 111, con composición intermedia entre I y 11 (grupo de transición). Los análisis de minerales primarios muestran que los xenolitos son similares a los de San Carlos, Arizona, E.U., Xalapasco de La Joya, San Luis Potosí, México y Kilbume Hole, New Mexico, E.U. Los xenolitos del manto de La Olivina pertenecen a tres grupos con distinta textura: grupo I, granoblástica (¿metamórfica?); grupo 11, granular allotriomórfica (¿ígnea?); y grupo 111, granular allotriomórfica (¿ígnea?) con algunas texturas porfiroclásticas (¿metamórfica?). Los xenolitos de corteza inferior de La Olivina son predominantemente gneises pelíticos y granulitos de piroxeno. Los gneises pelíticos presentan ensambles uniformes de granate+ cuarzo+ plagioclasa+ sanidina+ silimanita rutilo+ grafito. La mayoría de las granulitas de piroxeno tienen plagioclasa, aunque algunas presentan escapolita en vez de plagioclasa. Estas muestras del manto inferior son idénticas en ensamble de minerales y muy similares en geoquímica a los xenolitos del Kilbume Hole. Las granulitas y los gneises pelíticos tienen edades modelo de Nd de 1.1 a 1.2 m.a., usando un cociente inicial de condritas, o bien 1.6 m.a. si se usa el modelo de fuente empobrecida. La edad de 1.6 m.a. concuerda muy bien con las edades del Kilboume Hole, de aquí que se extiendan bajo el norte de México, al menos hasta el área de La Olivina, rocas precámbricas cratónicas, similares en edad, historia metamórfica y composición de protolito a las que están bajo Kilboume Hole.
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