Enormous increase of volcanic clouds in the stratosphere over Fukuoka after April 1982
Main Article Content
Abstract
Very large-increases of stratospheric aerosols caused by the eruption of Mexican volcano El Chichón in early April 1982 were observed by a Yag lidar system over Fukuoka (33°N) and the long term variation of the profiles for 15 months is presented. The densest aerosol layers were located in the altitude range from 20 to 30 km for the early six months and the lower rarer layers were located below the altitude about 20 km. The densest part gradually descended after October 1982 to about 20 km in January 1983, after merging with thelowerpart and remained there since that time. The descending velocity of the upper !ayer is about 1 km/month or less.The optical depth of the aerosol layers at the wavelength 0.55 μm attained maximum value about 0.3 for the period from December 1982 to February 1983 and then gradually decreased to 0.05 in July 1983. The eddy diffusion in the upper part is estimated to be extremely small for the period from April through October 1982 in the vertical and meridional directions. This finding can explain observed results consistently and supports the view originally proposed by Matsuno (1980).
Publication Facts
Reviewer profiles N/A
Author statements
- Editor & editorial board
- profiles
- Academic society
- Geofísica Internacional
To learn about these publication facts, click 
PF is maintained by the Public Knowledge Project
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
ACKERMAN, M. and C. LIPPENS, 1984. Material from the El Chichón volcano above Spain on May 3, 1982, one month after the eruption. Planetary Space Sci. 32, 17-23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(84)90037-0
ARNOLD, F., 1982. Ion nucleation - a potential source for stratospheric aerosols. Nature, 299, 134-139. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/299134a0
BAUER, E., 1974. Dispersion of tracers in the atmosphere and ocean: survey and comparison of experimental data. J. Geophys. Res. 79, 789-795. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/JC079i006p00789
CADLE, R. D., C. S. KIANG and J. F. LOUIS, 1976. The global scale dispersion of the eruption clouds from major volcanic eruptions. J. Geophys. Res., 81, 3125-3132. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/JC081i018p03125
CLEMESHA, B. R. and D. M. SHIMONICH, 1983. Lidar observation of the El Chichón dust cloud at 23ºS, Geophys. Res. Lett. 10, 321-324. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/GL010i004p00321
D' AL TORIO, A. and G. VISCONTI, 1983. Lidar observations of dust layers' transience in the stratosphere following the El Chichón volcanic eruption. Geophys. Res. Lett., 10, 27-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/GL010i001p00027
DANIELSEN, E. F., 1981. An objective method for determining the generalized transport tensor for two-dimensional Eulerian models. J. Atmos. Sci. 38, 1319-1339. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1981)038<1319:AOMFDT>2.0.CO;2
FUJIWARA, M., T. SHIBATA and M. HIRONO, 1982. Lidar observation of sudden increase of aerosols in the stratosphere caused by volcanic injections - II Sierra Negra event. J. Atm. Terr. Phys. 44, 811-818. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(82)90010-1
HIRONO, M. and T. SHIBATA, 1983. Enormous increase of stratospheric aerosols over Fukuoka due to volcanic eruption of El Chichón in 1982. Geophys. Res. Lett. 10, 152-154. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/GL010i002p00152
HIRONO, M., M. FUJIWARA, T. SHIBATA and N. KUGUMIYA, 1984. Lidar observations of atmospheric aerosols following the 1980 eruption of Mt. St. Helens. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. (in press). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(84)90105-3
HOFMANN, D. J. and J. M. ROSEN, 1983. Stratospheric sulfuric acid fraction and mass estimate for the 1982 volcanic eruption of El Chichón. Geophys. Res. -Lett. 10, 313-316. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/GL010i004p00313
LABITZKE, K., B. NOUJOKAT and M. P. McCORMICK, 1983. Temperature effect on the stratosphere of the April 4, 1982 eruption of El Chichón, Mexico. Geophys. Res. Lett. 10, 24-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/GL010i001p00024
MATSUNO, T., 1980. Lagrangean motion of air parcels in the stratosphere in the presence of planetary waves. Pure Appl. Geophys. 118, 189-216. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01586451
MATSUNO, T., 1983. Circulation and waves in the middle atmosphere in winter. Space Sci. Res. 34, 387-396. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-7096-0_30
McCORMICK, M. P. and T. J. SWISSLER, 1983a. Stratospheric aerosol mass and latitudinal distribution of the El Chichón eruption cloud for October 1982. Geophys. Res. Lett. 10, 877-880. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/GL010i009p00877
McCORMICK, M. P., 1983b. Satellite and lidar measurements of the El Chichón stratospheric cloud. IAMAP R-2 Symposium August 1983, Hamburg (unpublished).
MURGATROYD, M. P. and F. SINGLETON, 1961. Possible meridional circulations in the stratosphere and mesosphere. Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc. 87. 125-135. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49708737202
PINNICK, R. G., S. G. JENNINGS and P. CHYLEK, 1980. Relationship between extinction, absorption, backscattering and mass content of sulfuric acid aerosols. J. Geophys. Res. 85, 4059-4066. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/JC085iC07p04059
REED, R. J. and K. E. GERMAN, 1965. A contribution to the problem of stratospheric diffusion of large scale mixing. Mon. Wea. Rev. 93. 313-321. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1965)093<0313:ACTTPO>2.3.CO;2
REITER, R., H. JAGER, W. CARNUTH and W. FUNK. 1983. The El Chichón cloud over central Europe, observed by lidar at Garmisch-Partenkirchen during 1982, Geophys. Res. Lett. 10. 1001-1004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/GL010i011p01001
SHIBATA, T., 1983. El Chichón volcanic cloud in the stratosphere: lidar observation at Fukuoka and numerical simulation. Ph. D. Thesis, Dept. Phys. Kyushu University.
THOMAS, L., D. B. JENKINS, D. P. WAREING and M. FARRINGTON. 1982. Laser radar observations in mid-Wales of aerosols from the El Chichón eruption. Nature, 304, 248-250. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/304248a0
TURCO, R. P., O. B. TOON, R. C. WHITTEN, P. HAMILL and R. G. KEESEE, 1983. The 1980 eruption of Mt. St. Helens. Physical and chemical processes in the stratospheric clouds. J. Geophys. Res., 88, 5299-5319. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/JC088iC09p05299
VINCENT, D. G., 1968. Mean meridional circulations in the Northern Hemisphere lower stratosphere during 1964 and 1965. Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc., 94, 333-349. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49709440109