Reconstrucción geológica del área del ecoparque El Arenal, Sierra Chichinautzin, México: Implicaciones sobre el origen de los depósitos de ceniza en el cerro Magdalena
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Abstract
El Arenal ecotouristic park is located in the northern part of the Sierra Chichinautzin monogenetic volcanic field, in the southern part of Mexico City. The park is renown for its dark volcanic sand that has the shape of a dune deposited on an older dome named Cerro Magdalena. Prior to our work, this ash deposit and its source or formation processes had not been studied, and the geological history of the surrounding area was poorly known. This work focuses on describing the characteristics of the Arenal ash as well as products in the nearby area in order to determine the ash origin and sedimentation process. This was done through the analysis of remote data (Lidar and aerial photos) and field and laboratory work (dating, granulometry, componentry, petrography, whole-rock and mineral chemistry). The Arenal deposit is made of medium-size ash with good sorting, andesitic composition, and several juvenile and lithic components. We identified five different volcanic units in the nearby area, whose stratigraphic succession, from bottom to top, is as follows: 1) Cerro Magdalena dacitic dome, 2) basaltic Yololica scoria cone with fall deposits and lava flows (dated in 22,000 years before present), 3) andesitic Tutti Frutti fall deposits from Popocatepetl stratovolcano, 4) mostly andesitic fall deposits from Pelado volcano, and 5) basaltic lava flows from Xitle volcano. We conclude that Arenal was formed soon after the Pelado eruption, due to the remobilization of its fall deposits and the underlying Tutti Frutti pumice by ash storms, the mixture of which was deposited as a leeward dune over the slopes of the Cerro Magdalena and was later covered by Xitle lava flows.
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