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2078 | Geof%u00edsica Internacional (2026) 65-2Figure 3. a) Piper diagram of the well samples collected in the groundwater of Zimap%u00e1n, Hidalgo. b) Diagram of D'Amore et al., 1983, applied to the groundwater of Zimap%u00e1n, Hidalgo: Figure 4. Diagram illustrating mineral alteration and dissolution processes (Hounslow, 2018) in the groundwater of Zimap%u00e1n, Hidalgo.The clustered wells in the central zone of the municipality are situated along the boundary between AMD I and AMD II, whilst the SPFM, LCR, and La Cruz wells are positioned within AMD II.AMD I (0 to 0.002 nT/m): Denotes the lowest analytical signal values. It covers the northern region of the map, defined by the El Doctor formation and the Soyatal formation, featuring a series of limestones, flint bands, and calcareous breccias within the Sierra Madre Oriental (L%u00f3pez, 2008).AMD II (0.007 to 0.017 nT/m): encompasses a NE-SW-oriented region within the study area, indicating the highest values of the map. This domain consists mostly of volcanic rocks from the Las Espinas formation and rhyolitic deposits, along with contact zones between sedimentary and igneous rocks. Towards El %u2022 Detzani e HA %u2666 La Cruz O LCR %u2022 Manantial Jal O P2 e PS e Pb 22 e SPFM %u25ca Muhi 60 %Ca2+ m 80 80 60 70 60 40 so 20 40 30 %u00b720 20 10 -40 -60 -10 -80 -20 80 80 70 60 60 so 40 40 30 20 20 10 o -10 -20 -20 -40 100 --+- P2 --+- 80 60 --+- Detzani --+-40 --+- La Cruz --+- 20 --+- SPFM --+--20 A e D --+- El Muhi --+-[ HC03-S0 4 ] [( S0 4 (Na)] [ Na Cl] A=lOO %u00bf(-) ;B=lOO %u00bf(-)) - %u00bf(+) ;C=lOO %u00bf(+) - %u00bf(-) ; [ Na-Mg] [Ca+Mg HC03] [Ca-Na-K] '-\. '-\. D=l00 %u00bf(+) ;E=l00 %u00bf(+) - %u00bf(-) ;F=lO0 %u00bf(+) where%u00bf)-)=anzonsand%u00bf_)+)=catwns. 1 1 J e 0.9 0.8 11 %u00a1 .,, lil ::::, o 0.7 ::::, !,2 1%u00a1 m Ja 1 0.6 %u00a1 i 0.5 Dlssolutlon of dolomlla-----1 0.4 %u2022 SPFM ii La Cruz %u2022 eMuhi 0.3 u P2 il ~ %u2022 %u2022 ePs 0.2 lf! LCR %u2022 Detzani ~'O 1 e Manantial DISOLUTION OF a:; 0.1 SIUCATE eHA i5 ALTERATION CARBONATES o 1 10 HC0S /S102 (mmolill 100 1000 PS HA LCR Man Jal Pb22