Groundwater identification using geophysical tools and its implications for the stability of slopes in an open pit mine
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Resumen
El desarrollo de la minería a cielo abierto comienza con la apertura de tajos con la excavación del macizo rocoso y la formación de taludes y bermas para la exploración de mineral. El conocimiento de las condiciones geológicas representa un paso importante en este proceso, ya que los macizos rocosos generalmente tienen características heterogéneas y la presencia de discontinuidades puede convertirse en un agravante en la seguridad de las operacio- nes. La caracterización y clasificación de estas discontinuidades, así como la identificación del agua subterránea en el macizo rocoso, tiene gran importancia para garantizar la seguridad de las operaciones durante el proceso productivo de la mina, además de garantizar la efectividad de su proceso de desmantelamiento. El uso del método geofísico de resistividad eléctrica ha ido en aumento para la caracterización e identificación de tipos litológicos y presencia de agua, ya que es una herramienta de investigación no invasiva y con rápida capacidad de obtención de datos. La resistividad eléctrica junto con métodos de investigación visual, como la obtención de la orientación de las discontinuidades y sus características de alteración, proporciona información importante para la caracter- ización del macizo rocoso. Dada esta importancia, el presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo utilizar la resistividad eléctrica para identificar la presencia de agua y su correlación con la litología y la estructura del macizo rocoso con el fin de identificar cómo estas variables influyen en la ocurrencia de rupturas. Para ello, se diseñaron sec- ciones de resistividad bidimensionales y se relacionaron con datos de inspección visual y análisis cinemáticos obtenidos a partir de datos estructurales del macizo rocoso. La integración de estos resultados indicó que las rupturas presentes en los taludes mineros investigados están relacionadas con zonas cuya litología predominante es de brecha volcánica con presencia de agua en el subsuelo. Estas rupturas comprometen la estabilidad de los taludes y en consecuencia dificultan el proceso de desmantelamiento de la mina.
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