Tropospheric Correction using PyAPS in the West Region of Venezuela
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Resumen
La subsidencia de la Costa Oriental del Lago de Maracaibo (COLM) en el estado Zulia, Venezuela, es un evento geológico de causa antrópica con casi un siglo de existencia. Se buscó conocer el estado actual de este evento mediante el uso de la técnica de Interferometría de Radar de Apertura Sintética (InSAR); para ello, se enfatizó la necesidad de mitigar los retrasos atmosféricos en los datos, por lo que se aplicó el modelo climático ERA5 con PyAPS. Esto con el fin de obtener mediciones precisas de la subsidencia en tres campos petroleros ubicados en la COLM (Tía Juana, Lagunillas y Bachaquero), cuyo proceso de subsidencia acumulada es de aproximadamente 5 metros entre 1926 y 1986. Para este estudio, se estimaron los valores de subsidencia para el período de 2018 a 2020 utilizando un conjunto de datos de 157 imágenes interferométricas de Sentinel-1 (79 de órbitas ascendentes y 78 de órbitas descendentes), lo que permitió calcular los valores de desplazamiento a lo largo de la línea de visión (LOS) para ambas órbitas, los valores de la contribución del retraso troposférico y los valores de las componentes este-oeste y vertical, extraídos de píxeles representativos con alta coherencia y con promedio espacial y temporal, habiendo reducido la componente de ruido aleatorio. Se obtuvieron valores de desplazamiento para los campos de Tía Juana, Lagunillas y Bachaquero, respectivamente, de: -6.4 +/- 0.8 cm/año, -7.9 +/- 1.0 cm/año y -7.1 +/- 0.8 cm/año para el modo ascendente; y de 1.2 +/- 0.5 cm/año, -4.1 +/- 0.5 cm/año y -1.8 +/- 0.3 cm/año para el modo descendente. Asimismo, mediante la selección de píxeles representativos, se estimaron valores confiables para la contribución del retraso troposférico, obteniendo: -0.2 cm/año y -0.6 cm/año; -0.3 cm/año y -0.5 cm/año y; -0.4 cm/año y -0.5 cm/año. Por último, las componentes este-oeste (dE) y vertical (dU) para los tres campos fueron de: -6.79 cm/año y -2.94 cm/año; -3.27 cm/año y -5.19 cm/año; y -5.92 cm/año y -6.29 cm/año, respectivamente, minimizando el riesgo de que los errores de proyección geométrica amplifiquen el ruido subyacente.
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