Crustal structure and location of the Ouachita orogenic belt in northern Mexico
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La localización en México del margen sur de Laurencia durante el Paleozoico ha sido centro de intenso debate. Dicha localización es necesaria para el análisis de la hipótesis actual consistente en que fragmentos de Norte América fueron transportados hacia Sud América durante la ruptura de Laurencia (Cámbrico Temprano) y de Pangea (Mesozóico Temprano), mientras que enormes movimientos laterales en el norte de México en el Mesozoico ocasionaban el desplazamiento de la faja orogénica Ouachita. Tomando en cuenta afloramientos Paleozoicos, datos de isótopos de plomo y datos de sismicidad y gravimetría regionales, la faja orogénica Ouachita continúa ya sea en dirección sur hacia Coahuila o en dirección sud-sudoeste a partir de la región texana de Big Bend, atravesando Chihuahua y hacia Durango. Con el objeto de evaluar estas dos alternativas, se construyeron modelos de la corteza terrestre a lo largo de tres perfiles en la parte norte de México y oeste de Texas. El número de datos en capas profundas fue insuficiente para limitar el modelo, por lo que se resolvió obtener un modelo para cada una de las dos direcciones consideradas para el seguimiento de la faja orogénica Ouachita. El modelo correspondiente al seguimiento sur sugiere la presencia de dos zonas de valores mínimos de gravimetría, las cuales se encuentran delineando una cuenca de antepaís paleozoica (Mapimí) a lo largo de la frontera entre Chihuahua y Coahuila, y un terreno acretado (terreno Coahuila) en la parte oeste de Coahuila. El modelo sud- sudoeste sugiere a su vez que las zonas de valores mínimos de gravimetría se encuentran delineando terrenos acretados. Nosotros nos inclinamos por el seguimiento sud-sudoeste ya que podemos seguir el rastro de valores máximos de gravimetría asociados con la zona interior Ouachita hasta 300 km al interior de la parte este de Chihuahua y sur hacia Durango en una manera consistente con respecto a datos de isótopos de plomo, muestras de rocas previas al Mesozoico provenientes de pozos y afloramientos en el área, así como litologías y estructuras en la parte oeste de Sonora. Una vez completando el lapso existente entre la faja orogénica de Ouachita postulada aquí con litologías en Sonora, las cuales muestran una tendencia de seguimiento hacia el noreste, nos resulta una imagen del posible margen sur de Laurencia durante el Paleozoico Temprano.
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