Invariant magnetic shells in the earth field distorted by solar wind
Main Article Content
Abstract
Invariant magnetic shells in the Earth field distorted by the solar wind. The closed invariant surfaces along which particles are trapped in the solar wind distorted field, in quiet times, are studied using the Williams and Mead "open field model". The shell coordinates (I, Bm), and the daily latitudinal shift of mirror points along noon and midnight field lines are computed; the night decrease of the equatorial pitch angle of a trapped particle is shown. The daily variation of I and L, and the inadequacy of the L parameter for points within the distorted region of the magnetosphere are considered. The spacial spreading of the shells of particles injected under different pitch angles along distorted field lines is discussed. The region within the cavity where, due to the compression of day lines and the elongation and opening of night lines no stable trapping occurs. is described.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
AXFORD, W. I. 1964. Viscous Interaction between the Solar Wind and the Earth's Magnetosphere, Planetary Space Sci., 12 : 45-54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(64)90067-4
AXFORD, W. I., H. E. PETSCHEK & G. L. SISCOE, 1965. Tail of the Magnetosphere. Jour. Geophys. Res., 70 : 1231-1236. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ070i005p01231
DESSLER, A. J. 1964. Length of Magnetospheric Tail. Jour. Geophys. Res., 69 : 3913-3918. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ069i019p03913
DUNGEY, J. W. 1961. Interplanetary Magnetic Field and the Auroral Zones. Phys. Rev. Letters, 6 : 47-48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.6.47
FAIRFIELD, D. H. 1964. Trapped Particles in a Distorted Dipole Field. Jour. Geophys. Res., 69 : 3919-3926. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ069i019p03919
FRANK, L. A. 1965. On the Local Time Dependence of Outer Radiation Zone Electron (E> 1.6 Mev) Intensities near the Magnetic Equator, Jour. Geophys. Res., 70 : 4131-4138. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ070i017p04131
----. 1965. A Survey of Electrons E > 40 Kev beyond 5 Earth's Radii with Explorer 14. Jour. Geophys. Ras., 70 : 1593-1626. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ070i007p01593
HONES, Jr., E. W. 1964. Motions of Charged Particles Trapped in the Earth's Magnetosphere. Jour. Geophys. Res., 68 : 1209-1219. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ068i005p01209
JENSEN, D. C. & W. A. WHITAKER. 1960. A Spherical Harmonic Analysis of the Geo-magnetic Field. Jour. Geophys. Res., 65 : 2500.
McDIARMID, I. B. & J. R. BURROWS. 1964. High-latitude Boundary of the Outern Radiation Zone at 1000 Km. Canadian Jour. Phys., 42 : 616-626. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/p64-058
McILWAIN, C. E. 1961. Coordinates for Mapping the Distribution of Magnetically Trapped Particles. Jour. Geophys. Res., 66 : 3681-3691. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ066i011p03681
----. 1965. Magnetic Coordinates, UCSD-SP 65·5 (paper presented at Advanced Study Institute of IIT Research lnstitute, Bergen, Norway, August 16 -trabajo presentado en Ia Reunion de Estudios Avanzados del lnstituto de Investigaciones IIT, Bergen, Noruega, Agosto 16).
MEAD, G. D. 1964. Deformation of the Geomagnetic Field by the Solar Wind. Jour. Geophys. Res., 69 : 1181-1195. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ069i007p01181
MALVILLE, J. M. 1960. The Effect of the Initial Phase of a Magnetic Storm upon the Outer Van Allen Belt. Jour. Geophys. Res., 65 : 3008-3010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ065i009p03008
NESS, N. F. 1965. The Earth's Magnetic Tail. Jour. Geophys. Res., 70 : 2989-3005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ070i013p02989
NORTHROP, T. G. 1963. The Adiabatic Motion of Charged Particles, New York (Inter-science Publishers), 1 vol. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/RG001i003p00283
O'BRIEN, B. J. 1963. A Large Diurnal Variation of the Geomagnetically Trapped Radiation. Jour. Geophys. Res., 68 : 989-995. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ068i004p00989
REID, G. C. & M. H. REES. 1961. The Systematic Behaviour of Hydrogen Emission in the Aurora-II. Planetary Space Sci., 5 : 99-104. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(61)90083-6
STONE, E. C. 1963. The Physical Significance and Application of L, Bo and Ro to Geomagnetically Trapped Particles. Jour. Geophys. Res., 68 : 4157-4166. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ068i014p04157
WILLIAMS, D. J. & J. D. MEAD. 1965. Nightside Magnetosphere Configuration as Obtained from Trapped Electrons at 1100 Kilometers. Jour. Geophys, Res., 70 : 3017. 3029. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ070i013p03017
WILLIAMS, D. J. & W. F. PALMER. 1965. Distortions in the Radiation Cavity as measured by an 1100-Kilometer Polar Orbiting Satellite. Jour. Geophys. Res., 70 : 557-567. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ070i003p00557