Estudio hidrogeofísico para determinar la vulnerabilidad intrínseca y la capacidad protectora del acuífero de San Agustín Texcaltitlán, Estado de México
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Abstract
In this study, the hydrogeophysical investigation of the San Agustín Texcaltitlán aquifer, municipality of Tenancingo, State of Mexico, was carried out to determine the intrinsic parameters such as porosity (n) and vertical hydraulic conductivity (Kv) by granulometric analysis, the variation of the water level was measured in wells and the thickness (h) of the strata of the unsaturated and saturated zone was determined using the Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) method and Schlumberger electrical resistivity array (ρ). The objective was to determine and zone the intrinsic vulnerability to groundwater contamination by anthropogenic sources with the AVI method, which defines the hydraulic resistance (C) and the protective capacity of the aquifer with the ICE method, from the longitudinal unitary conductance (S), with the geoelectrical method of the VES. Both methods only require two parameters, Kv, and the thickness h of the layers that constitute the non-saturated zone (NSZ), respectively. The data of 20 VES acquired were interpreted with the iterative computer program Interpex IX1D. The results obtained indicate that the porosity of the NSZ is 0.36-0.40 and the vertical hydraulic conductivity is 6-15 m/d, obtained with the empirical formula of Slitcher. From 20 VESs performed, 5 to 7 layers were detected for the aquifer system with resistivity values of 10-3,600 ohm-m and variable thicknesses, which were used to calculate the variations in hydraulic resistance (C), giving values of 0.4-6.0 (days) indicating low to high vulnerability, longitudinal conductance (S) and transverse resistance (R), known as Dar Zarrouk parameters, gave values of 0.2-6.0 Ω-1, indicating low to high protection capacity and 1,000-26,000 (ohm-m2), indicating areas of low to high infiltration capacity, respectively. Finally, the conceptual model of hydrogeological functioning of the Texcaltitlán aquifer system was developed.
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