Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of volcanic rocks of the Valles-San Luis Potosí platform, Mexico: Geodynamic implications
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Abstract
The present study reports new mineralogical and geochemical data on five volcanic suites from the Valles-San Luis Potosi Platform (VSLP). The western part of the platform shows evidence of two successive events: the first, of TriassicJurassic age, is characterized by metabasites of island-arc tholeiite type; the second, of Cenozoic age, is characterized by lavas whose mineralogy (presence of orthopyroxene, calc-alkaline characters of clinopyroxene) and geochemistry (strong LFS element enrichment, distinct Nb anTi negative anomalies) indicate an andesitic affinity. These two volcanic suites are possibly equivalent to orogenic igneous series emplaced from Triassic times onwards in the Western Cordilleran province, which are associated with subduction of the Pacific plate. In the eastern platform, Cenozoic lavas are alkalic (high Ti02-P20 5 contents, strong enrichment of light-REE and LFS elements) and are derived from an Oill-type source with no arc-type characteristics (no Nb or Ti anomaly). Two volcanic sequences are exposed in the Guaxcama region (southwestern part of the platform); one is intercalated within evaporites of probable late Jurassic age and the other occurs above the Cretaceous formations. The latter sequence forms a differentiated suite varying in composition from moderately alkalic basalt to rhyolite; it differs from the older basic lavas within the evaporites in having lower transition and incompatible element contents. Their transitional features could reflect a change in the chemical and mineralogical composition of the mantle source between the two successive eruptive episodes. In this way, the formations of the Guaxcama terrain, until now considered as typical of a lagoonal environment associated with platform deposits, may instead result from the interfingering of Tethyan units within a continental rift-zone. The igneous activity of the VSLP platform reflects the influence of two contrasting tectonic domains separated by a major basement lineament, the "Gran Falla", which delimits a western zone with orogenic-type magmatism associated with mineral deposits, and an eastern zone with tensional magmatism devoid of economic mineralization.
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References
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