Vertical Electrical Sounding Technique for Assessing the Quaternary Aquifer Vulnerability to Contamination in the Semi-Arid Khanasser Valley Region, Northern Syria
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Resumen
El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar la vulnerabilidad del agua subterránea a la contaminación mediante la adaptación del enfoque del índice de vulnerabilidad de acuíferos (AVI), basado principalmente en la conductividad hidráulica (K) del acuífero y el espesor (h) de las capas de sobrecarga. Se aplicó la técnica de sondeo eléctrico vertical (VES) con configuración Schlumberger para modelar el acuífero cuaternario y sus capas de sobrecarga en el área del valle de Khanasseer, en el norte de Siria. De acuerdo con la clasificación AVI, el 5.88% del área de estudio presenta contaminación muy alta, el 67.00% alta, el 23.53% moderada y el 2.94% baja. Se analizaron estadísticamente varios parámetros hidro-geoeléctricos que afectan el índice de vulnerabilidad del acuífero (AVI), tales como la anisotropía (λ) de las capas hidrogeológicas del subsuelo, el espesor (hOverb), la resistividad (ρOverb), la conductividad hidráulica (K) y la resistencia hidráulica (C) de las capas protectoras. Se establecieron diferentes relaciones empíricas mutuas entre estos parámetros mediante el análisis de su matriz de correlación estadística. Las relaciones empíricas obtenidas destacan los procesos hidrológicos asociados y la conectividad litológica entre el acuífero cuaternario del área de estudio y sus capas suprayacentes. Los resultados obtenidos resaltan la importancia de salvaguardar los recursos de agua subterránea y orientan la asignación de recursos para proteger las zonas del acuífero, lo cual resulta relevante para la toma de decisiones. Este es el primer estudio en el que se aplica el enfoque AVI en Siria, por lo que puede extenderse a otros acuíferos del país. Asimismo, el AVI puede aplicarse a nivel mundial para estimar las condiciones que controlan la capacidad de protección de los acuíferos en regiones semiáridas.
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Citas
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